Data Sources and Methodology
NationFolio shows country statistics only from official publishers. Every figure can be traced to the agency that produced it, and differences between agencies are shown openly instead of being hidden. Nothing is estimated, filled in or imputed by NationFolio.
Official publishers
- World Bank – World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators: population, GDP, poverty and inequality, health, education, energy, the environment and governance.
- International Monetary Fund – World Economic Outlook (growth, inflation, government debt and balances, current accounts, with five-year staff projections), Fiscal Monitor, Global Debt Database, AI Preparedness Index, monthly consumer prices, bank soundness indicators and international reserves.
- OECD – GDP growth, consumer prices and harmonised unemployment (shown next to the other publishers), 10-year government bond yields and composite leading indicators.
- Eurostat – harmonised consumer prices (HICP), unemployment, government debt and deficit, GDP growth, migration and renewable energy, for EU and EFTA members, EU candidate countries, Kosovo, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
- Bank for International Settlements – central bank policy rates, credit to the private non-financial sector, credit-to-GDP gaps, debt service ratios and residential property prices.
- UN Comtrade – merchandise exports and imports by product and by partner country.
How the data is processed
Each publisher's data is downloaded through its official API, matched to standard ISO country codes and stored with its reference period, unit, source and status (reported, estimate or IMF projection). Where several publishers report the same measure, NationFolio keeps every version, shows the newest on the map and lists the others beside it.
Two measures are derived by NationFolio, each with a published formula: export concentration (a Herfindahl–Hirschman index computed from UN Comtrade figures) and the NationFolio Resilience Score, built from 10 official inputs and published only when at least 8 of them exist. The Resilience Score is a research index, not a credit rating.
The public site shows a snapshot of the data; its date is shown on the landing page.
Measures NationFolio computes
Export concentration (Herfindahl–Hirschman index)
HHI = Σ si², where si is each item's share of the country's merchandise exports in per cent. The index runs from close to 0 (exports spread over many items) to 10,000 (a single item). Only positive values count.
- Export product concentration uses the HS chapters (2-digit product groups) that UN Comtrade reports for the country's exports, and needs at least 10 chapters.
- Export partner concentration uses every destination UN Comtrade reports, including its own groupings such as “Areas, not elsewhere specified”, and needs at least 5.
Both use the newest of the last four years for which the country reported its exports to UN Comtrade.
NationFolio Resilience Score (version 2)
Each input is rescaled to 0–100 in a straight line between the two bounds below; values beyond a bound score 0 or 100. Each pillar is the average of its available inputs, and the score is the average of the four pillars, rounded to one decimal. A score is published only when at least 8 of the 10 inputs exist and every pillar has at least one; missing inputs are never filled in. The inputs are the latest values shown in each country's dossier, and the score carries the year of its newest input.
| Pillar | Input | Scores 0 at | Scores 100 at |
|---|---|---|---|
| Macro stability | Real GDP growth (%) | −2 | 8 |
| Government debt (% of GDP) | 130 | 0 | |
| Inflation (%) | 16.7 points from 2.5 | 2.5 | |
| Social cohesion | Gini index | 60 | 25 |
| Extreme poverty rate (%) | 30 | 0 | |
| Technology readiness | AI Preparedness Index | 0 | 100 |
| Internet users (%) | 0 | 100 | |
| R&D expenditure (% of GDP) | 0 | 3.5 | |
| Demography & health | Life expectancy (years) | 50 | 85 |
| Age dependency ratio | 95 | 40 |
Inflation is scored by its distance from 2.5 %: 2.5 % scores 100, and a rate 16.7 points away in either direction (below −14.2 % or above 19.2 %) scores 0. The Resilience Score is a research index, not a credit rating.
Quality checks
An automated review runs after every data load. It flags values older than five years, shares outside 0–100 %, rates and ratios far outside what other countries report, implausible year-on-year jumps in levels such as GDP or population, and material disagreements between publishers. Flags never change a value; they appear in each country's Data checks tab. Spotted a figure that looks wrong? Write to ask@nationfolio.com with the country, indicator and year. Rankings leave out regional and income-group aggregates and show the year of each country's value, because the latest available year often differs between countries.
Last full check
On 9 October 2026 every figure in the public site was compared with the publishers' own data, downloaded again that day: 340,618 values from the World Bank, the IMF, Eurostat, the BIS and the OECD, 5,120 UN Comtrade trade figures and the 165 Resilience Scores. All of them matched, and every country shows the newest figure its publishers had released. The check also caught the World Bank's October update of its development indicators, released the day before, which the site now uses.